Rivers-Stream+Facts

Caroline K, Tim B, and Patrick J =**__ THE 8 KINGDOMS OF THE RIVERS AND STREAMS BIOME __**=

__** BACTERIA KINGDOM **__

 * //-Single-celled bacteria cells without a nucleus//**

One type of Moneran Bacteria is //Vibrio Cholrae//. It is located in most rivers and streams, such as the Amazon River and Missouri River. The //Vibrio Cholerae// is shaped like a comma, but if categorized would probably be a bacilli bacteria.



Another type of moneran that can be found in rivers and streams is //Nostoc halophilum//. It is a gelatinous substance that can be commonly found on the edges of streams more than rivers in southeast Europe and southwest Asia. Like all //Nostoc//, //Nostoc halophilum// looks like a string of beads, commonly called Cocci.

Another type of river bacteria is //Caulobacter crescentus//. It is most commonly found in rivers with high levels of phosphorus. Its shape is bacilli, but it looks similar to a banana.

__** PROTIST KINGDOM **__
//**-mostly single-celled organims with organelles and a nucleus**//

**__Protozoans__**
//**-Animal like, they have no chlorophyll and they "hunt" for food**//

One type of protozoan is //Naegleria fowleri.// It can be found in many __warm__ rivers and streams around the world. Its common name is"the brain eating amoeba". It eats other organisms' brains, hence its name.

Another protozoan is //Zoothamnium niveum//. It lives in rivers with high levels of sulphide, generally on wood debris.

__**Algae**__ One type of algae is //Pediastrum boryanum.// It is located in almost all rivers year round, and also some other water biomes such as marshes.
 * //-////Single celled, with chlorophyll and a nucleus//**.

**__ FUNGI KINGDOM __**

 * __ ﻿ __ //-Multi-cellular, absorbs nutrients and has no chlorophyll// **

**__ ASCOMYCOTA __**

 * //-Fungi shaped like a sac or cup// **

//Collema dichotomum's// common name is the River Jelly Lichen. It can be found in rivers and streams on underwater rocks.
 * __Kingdom:__**Fungi
 * __Phylum:__**Ascomycota
 * __Class:__** Lecanoromycetes
 * __Order:__** Lecanorales
 * __Family:__** Collemataceae
 * __Genus:__** //Collema//
 * __Species:__** //dichotomum//

__** GLOMEROMYCOTA **__
**//-Grows on roots of plants//****__ Kingdom: __** Fungi**__Phylum:__** Glomeromycota__** Class: **__Glomeromycetes**__Order:__** Glomerales**__Family:__** Glomeraceae**__Genus:__** //Glomus//**__Species:__** //eburneum////Glomus eburneum// has no common name and is located in places as diverse as Arizona and Poland.

__** CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA **__
**//-single celled fungi means "little pot" in Greek//**

== //Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis// is a fungi that is known to infect and kill amphibians. It lives on and infects those such as frogs, newts, and salamanders. I could find no common names.**Kingdom**: //Fungi//**Phylum**: //Chydridiomycota//**Class**: //Chytridiomycetes//**Order**: //Chytridiales//**Family**://Chytridiacae//**Genus**: //Batrachochytrium//**Species**: //dendrobatidis//

**__ ﻿ASCOMYCOTA __**
**//-shaped like a sac or a cup//**__//Hymenoscyphus varicosporoides//__ is a fungus that lives in rivers worldwide.I could find no common name.**__Kingdom:__** //Fungi//**__Subkingdom:__** //Dikarya//**__Phylum:__** //Ascomycota//**__Subphylum:__** //Pezizomycotina//**__Class:__** //Leotiomycetes//**__Order:__** //Helotiales//**__Family:__** //Helotiaceae//__**Genus:**__ //Hymenoscyphus//**__Species:__** //varicosporoides//

__** PLANT KINGDOM **__

 * //-Multi-cellular, cell walls, chlorophyll//**

**__ ANTHOPHYTA __**
One plant found in rivers is //Nymphaea odorata//, or the American Water Lily. It is found in rivers in places like North America, Central America and Canada.
 * //-Flowering plants//**
 * __Kingdom:__** Plants
 * __Phylum:__** Anthophyta
 * __Class:__** Magnoliopsida
 * __Order:__** Nymphaeales
 * __Family:__** Nymphaeaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Nymphaea//
 * __Species:__** //odorata//

__** PTERIDOPHYTA **__

 * //-Ferns//**



One river plant is called //Equisetum fluviatile,// or the Swamp Horsetail. It can be found in swamps and shallow rivers all around the world. Plants Equisetopsida
 * __Kingdom:__**
 * __Phylum:__** Pteridophyta
 * __Class:__**
 * __Order:__** Equisetales
 * __Family:__** Equisetaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Equisetum//
 * __Species:__** //fluviatile//

__** BRYOPHYTA **__

 * // -Mosses //**

[[image:Rivers-Stream_fontinalis_hypnoides.jpg align="left" caption="Fontinalis Moss"]]
Another river plant is //Fontinalis hypnoides.// It is found in rivers in United States, and its common name is the Fontinalis Moss.
 * __Kingdom:__** Plants
 * __Phylum:__** Bryophyta
 * __Class:__** Bryopsida
 * __Order:__** Isobryales
 * __Family:__** Fontinalaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Fontinalis//
 * __Species:__** //hypnoides//

**__ ANTHOPHYTA __**

 * // -flowering plants //**

Another river plant is //Hypolytrum pulchrum.// It can be found in any river from North America to Brazil. Its common name is Three-square Bulrush.
 * __Kingdom:__** Plants
 * __Phylum:__** Magnoliophyta
 * __Class:__** Liliopsida
 * __Order:__** Poales
 * __Family:__** Cyperaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Hypolytrum//
 * __Species:__** //pulchrum//

**__ LYCOPODIOPHYTA __**
//Selaginella bigelovii// is another river plant. It can be found in North America in and along the banks of rivers. Its common name is Bushy Spikemoss.
 * //-Clubmoss////, spikemoss, and quillworts//**
 * __Kingdom:__** Plants
 * __Phylum:__** Lycopodiophyta
 * __Class:__** Lycopodiopsida
 * __Order:__** Selaginellales
 * __Family:__** Selaginellaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Selaginella//
 * __Species:__** //bigelovii//

**__ PTERIDOPHYTA __**
//**-Ferns**// Another type of river plant is //Dryopteris campyloptera.// It is a fern found along the banks of rivers in North America. Its common name is the Spreading wood-fern. **__Kingdom:__** Plants **__Phylum:__** Pteridophyta **__Class:__** Filicopsida **__Order:__** Polypodiales **__Family:__** Dryopteridaceae **__Genus:__** //Dryopteris// **__Species:__** //campyloptera//

**__ EQUISTOPHYTA __**
Equisetum laevigatum is a reed that lives in rivers in the United States, northern Mexico and southern Canada. It is commonly known as "smooth horsetail". __**Kingdom:**__ Plantae __**Phylum:**__ Equistophyta __**Class:**__ Equisetopsida __**Order:**__ Equistales __**Family:**__ Equistacae __**Genus:**__ //Equistum// __**Species:**__ //laevigatum//
 * //-hollow stem with joints//**

**__ ANTHOCEROPHYTA __**
//**-hornworts**// //Phaeoceros laevis// is a hornwort that lives in fairly warm fresh water worldwide. The only common name I could find is phaoceros.
 * __Kingdom:__** Plantae
 * __Phylum:__** Anthocerotophyta
 * __Class:__** Anthocerotopsida
 * __Order:__** Notathynadales
 * __Family:__** Notathyladaceae
 * __Genus:__** P//haoceros//
 * __Species:__** //laevis//

__**BRYOPHYTA**__
//** -moss **// //Takakia lepidozioides// is a moss that lives in wet environments worldwide. I could find no common name.

__**Kingdom:**__ Plantae __**Division:**__ Hepitcophyta __**Order**__: Takakiales __**Family:**__Gracillarioidea __**Genus:**__ //Takakia// __**Species:**__ //lepidozioides//
 * __Class:__** Hepitcopsita

__** PINOPHYTA **__
//**-trees**// //Glyptostrobus pensilis// is a tree that lives by rivers in China and the far east. Its common name is Chinese swamp cypress. __**Kingdom:**__ Plantae __**Phylum:**__ Pinophyta __**Class:**__ Pinopsida __**Order:**__ Pinales __**Family:**__ Cupressaceae __**Genus:**__ //Glyptostrobus// __**Species:**__ //pensilis//

__** ﻿ ﻿CYCADOPHYTA **__
__** ﻿ **__ ﻿- // Cycas apoa // is a species of cycad that lives by rivers and lakes on Indochina and islands in the south Pacific. It is very new, so I couldn't find a common name. __**Kingdom:**__ Plantae __**Phylum:**__ Cycadophyta __**Class:**__ Cycadopsida __**Order:**__ Cycadales __**Family:**__ Cycadaceae __**Genus:**__ //Cycas// __**Species:**__ //apoa//

__** ﻿GINGKOPHYTA **__
- //Ginkgo biloba// is a species of gingko found only in wet areas in the Zhejiang province in China. Its common name is Maidenhair tree. __**Kingdom:**__ Plantae __**Phylum:**__ Ginkgophyta __**Class:**__ Ginkgoopsida __**Family:**__ Ginkgoaceae __**Genus:**__ //Gingko// __**Species:**__ //bilboa//
 * __Order:__** Ginkgoales

=**__ Animal Kingdom __**= -multi-celled, digest food internally

** __Annelida__ **
//Haemopis plumbea // is a species of leech that that lives in North American rivers. I found no common name. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Citellata Order: Arhynchobdellida Family: //Haemopis // Genus: //plumbea //
 * // ﻿-two openings for food/waste, circulatory system //**

= **__﻿ ﻿Anthropoda __** = //Cambarus bartonii// is a crayfish that lives in rivers in North America. Its common name is Appalachian Brook Crayfish. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Anthropoda Class: Malocostraca Order: Decapoda Family: Cambaridae Genus: //Cambarus// Species: //bartonii//
 * // ﻿﻿ -two openings for food/waste, jointed appendages, exoskeleton//**

**__ Phoronida __**
//Phoronopsis californica// is a marine worm which lives in rivers in California. It has no common name.
 * // -two openings, simple nervous system, circulatory system //**

Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Phoronida Class: Not Assigned Order: Not Assigned Family: Not Assigned Genus: //Phoronopsis// Species: //californica//

**__ Mollusca __**
//**-soft body, two openings, simple organ systems, some with shells**// Another river animal is //Aplysia donca.// It can be found in North American rivers and the western Atlantic Ocean. It has no common name. Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea Family: Aplysiidae Genus: //Alypsia// Species: //donca//

**__ Mesozoa __**
//** -two layers of cells, no digestive or circulatory systems or nervous systems **// // Dicyema koshidai // is another river invertebrate. It has no common name and can be found in river near or flowing into the north Pacific. Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Mesozoa Class: Rhombozoa Order: Not Assigned Family: Dicyemidae Genus: //Dicyema// Species: //koshidai//

__** Aves **__
//** -hollow bones, scaly legs, feathers **// //** ﻿ **// //Riparia riparia// is a bird found near rivers in North America. Its common name is either Bank Swallow or Sand Martin. Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae Genus: //Riparia// Species: //riparia//

__** Actinopterygii **__
//Lepisosteus osseus// is found in North and Central America. Its common name is Longnose Gar. Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Lepisosteiformes Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: //Lepisosteus// Species: //osseus//
 * // ﻿-fins supported by bones, upper jaw bones slides forward when opened //**
 * // ﻿[[image:Lepisosteus_osseus_fiiiiiiiishy.jpg width="295" height="274" align="left" caption="Longnose Gar"]] //**

__** Reptilia **__

 * // -Ectothermic, scales, four appendages //**

= = // Chrysemys picta // can be found in South Canada and the USA. Its common name is the Painted Turtle. Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Testudines Family: Emydidae Genus: //Chrysemys// Species: //picta// =**__ Cnidaria __**= //** ﻿ -two layers of cells with jelly-like substance, one opening for food/waste**// //Hydra americana// is a species of hydra that lives in fresh water in North America. There is no common name. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Hydrozoa Order: Anthoathecata Family: Hydridae Genus: //Hydra// Species: //americana//

=**__ Mamalia __**= //Ornithorhynchus anatinus // or the platypus lives in rivers in eastern Australia and Tasmania. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Monotremata Family: Ornithorynchidae Genus: //Ornithorhynchus // Species: //anatinus // =__** Amphibia **__= -live for part of life with gills part with lungs //Eurycea pterophila// is a salamander that lives in North American rivers. Its common name is Fern Bank Salamander. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Caudata Family: Plethodontidae Genus: //Eurycea// Species: //pterophila//
 * // ﻿-hairy, milk-producing, endothermic //**

=**__ Cephalaspidomorphi __**= - jawless fish with cartilage bones
 * //Lampetra fluviatilis // is a lamprey, living in rivers in southwestern Europe. Its common name is European River Lamprey. **
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Cephalaspidomorphi
 * Order:** Petromyzontiformes
 * Family:** Petromyzontidae
 * Genus:** **//Lampetra // **
 * Species:** **//fluviatilis // **

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