Tundra+Facts

= Welcome to the Tundra Facts Page﻿﻿  = By Jack B. and Brooke B.

= ﻿Monera﻿ = = Monera are single-celled bacteria with no nucleus. =

Moneran 1
The first example of a moneran is //Alcaligenes denitrificans//, which has a cocci shape. It is found in various locations, including soil and aquatic environments, where one species, //Alcaligenes// //denitrificans//, has been known to inhibit the growth of certain types of algae in the tundra, //Alcaligenes// //denitrificans// is found in the soil it has adapted to the cold climate and found a way to live in the frozen soil called permafrost of the tundra.



Moneran 2
//Arthrobacter Nicotinovorans// is another example of a moneran. They have a bacilli shape and live in soil. They have also adapted to live in the tundra's permafrost, and can be found in the tundra and taiga biomes.

= Protists﻿  = = ﻿﻿﻿﻿Protists are mostly singl﻿e-celled organisms with a nucleus and organelles. = There are two main types of protists, algae and protozoan.

Protozoa 1
An example of a protozoan is //Cyclops clandestinus.// Its common name is copepod. Copepods are found in the shallow fresh water lakes of the tundra.



Algae 1
Algae are single-celled organisms that have chlorophyll and a nucleus. An example of algae is //Chlorella antarctica,// or Chlorella a//.// It can be found in or on top of the Tundra's permafrost, being a terrestrial species.

==  ﻿Fungus 1  == An example of fungus located in the tundra is //Cladonia rangiferina,// commonly referred to as reindeer moss. It can be found on the tundra's permafrost, or frozen soil. Reindeer moss is in the phylum ascomycota, which means that it is cup-shaped. Its taxonomy is as follows: Kingdom: //Fungi// Phylum: //Ascomycota// Class://Lecanoromycetes// Order://Lecanorales// Family://Cladoniaceae// Genus://Cladonia// Species://rangiferina//

Fungus 2
Another fungus that is located in the tundra is //Cantharellus formosus.// It is from the phylum basidiomycota, which means that it has closely-packed filaments. //Cantharellus formosus// is located in the alpine tundra's soil, if it isn't covered in snow. Its taxonomy is listed below.

Kingdom: //Fungi// Phylum: //Basidiomycota// Class: //Agaricomycetes// Order: //Cantharellales ﻿  // Family: //Cantharellaceae// Genus: //Cantharellus// Species: //formosus//

Fungus 3
A fungus is a multi-celled organism that contains no chlorophyll and absorbs nutrients from its surroundings. This type of fungus is an Ascomycota which is a sac-shaped organism with walls and an indentation in the middle. Another example of a Ascomycota is //Cladonia cristatella// which is it's scientific name. The common name is 'british soldier lichen'. It is commonly found on the ground growing along or next to small shrubs. The taxonomy of //Cladonia cristatella// is listed below.

Kingdom: //Fungi// Phylum: //Ascomycota// Class: //Lecanoromycetes// Order://Lecanorales// Family://Cladoniaceae// Genus: //Cladonia// Species: //cristatella//

Fungus 4
The final fungus is a chytridiomycota. A chytridiomycota is defined as a fungus that lives in the water or soil (similar to a parasite). It's scientific name is //Blastocladiella emersonii// there is no known common name. It's a microscopic fungus that is found in the shallow lakes of the tundra and the top soil above the tundra's permafrost.

Kingdom: //Fungi// Phylum: //Chytridiomycota// Class: //Chytridiomycetes// Order: //Blastocladiales// Family: //Blastocladiaceae// Genus: //Blastocladiella// Species: //emersonii//

= ﻿Plants = ﻿Multi-celled, have cell walls, contain chlorophyll ﻿Plant 1- Jack ====//Calliergon giganteum// is located in streams and lakes in the alpine tundra. It is in the division bryophyta, meaning it is non-vascular and is close to the ground. It grows on the bottom of fresh-water lake beds in the arctic tundra.==== Common Name: //Giant calliergon moss// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Bryophyta// Class: //Bryopsida// Order: //Hypnales// Family: //Amblystegiaceae// Genus: //Calliergon// Species: //Giganteum//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 2 - Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">An example of a magnoliophyta is //Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. A// magnoliophyta is an angiosperm meaning covered seed it has flowers that ripen into fruit. They live in the open plains of the alpine tundra. Common Name: //Bearberries// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Magnoliophyta// Class: //Magnoliopsida// Order: //Ericales// Family: //Ericaceae// Genus: //Arctostaphylos// Species: //uva-ursi// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 3- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Another plant in the tundra biome is //Abies lasiocarpa// which is a pinophyta. A pinophyta is a self reproducing plant with cones or seeds outside of the plant, it produces no fruit and is an ever-green. They grow in the arctic and alpine tundra, thriving even in the cold of the tundra. Common Name: //Sub-alpine fir// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Pinophyta// Class: //Pinopsida// Order: //Pinales// Family: //Pinaceae// Genus: //Abies// Species: //lasiocarpa// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Plant 4- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Another plant is //Trichophorum alpinum// which is a Magnoliophyta. A magnoliophyta is an angiosperm meaning 'covered seed', and has flowers that will ripen into fruit. It's common name is cotton grass. Cotton grass grows in the alpine tundra's soil, living in the open plains of the tundra. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Name: //Cotton grass// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Plantae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Division: //Magnoliophyta// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //liliopsida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Poales// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Cyperaceae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Trichophorum// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //alpinum//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Plant 5- Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿A plant that lives in the alpine tundra is //Loiseleuria procumbens.// It grows in the topsoil of the tundra biome. It is in the phylum magnoliophyta, which means that it is an angiosperm, meaning that it has flowers that will ripen into fruit. Common Name: //Alpine azalea// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Magnoliophyta// Class: //Magnoliopsida// Order: //Ericales// Family: //Ericaceae// Genus: //Loiseleuria// Species: //procumbens//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Plant 6- Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A plant that can live in both the alpine tundra and taiga biomes is known as //Lycopodiella inundata,// commonly referred to as inundated club moss. It is in the division lychopodiophyta, meaning that it is is a little larger than non-vascular mosses, and that it has a single stem. Common name: //Inundated club moss// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Lycopodiophyta// Class: //Lycopodiopsida// Order://Lycopodiales﻿// Family: //Lycopodiaceae// Genus: //Lycopodiella// Species: //inundata// //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿ //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 7-Jack Another tundra plant is called //Equisetum arvense,// also known as the field horsetail. It grows in the tundra's topsoil. It is in the division Equisetophyta, which means that it is a horsetail. Its taxonomy is listed below. Common Name: //Field horsetail// Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Equisetophyta// Class: //Equisetopsida// Order: //Equisetales// Family: //Equisetaceae// Genus: //Equisetum// Species: //arvense// // ﻿ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿ //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 8﻿-Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dryopteris dilatata is another example of a plant that grows in the tundra. It is commonly known as spreading woodfern. It is from the phylum pterophyta, meaning it is has fronds with spores on the bottom. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Name: //Spreading woodfern// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Plantae// Division: //Pterophyta// Class: //Filicopsida// Order: //Polypodiales// Family: //Dryopteridaceae// Genus: //Dryopteris// Species: //dilatata// //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿ //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 9- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿A common plant in the tundra is //Psilotum nudum// which is a Psilophyta. Which is a plant that has leaves with spores on the bottom. The common name is the wisk fern. The whisk fern grows in the northern region of the alpine tundra. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Name: //Whisk fern// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Plantae//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Division: //Psilophyta//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Psilopsida//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Psilotales//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Psilotaceae//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Psilotum//  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //nudum// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 10- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿Another plant in the tundra is //Lycopodium complanatum// also known as christmas green. Christmas green is a Lycopodiophyta. A <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lycopodiophyta is defined as a single stemmed plant that is a little larger than a non-vascular moss. Chrismas green grows in clumps on the rock slopes of both arctic and alpine tundras. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Name: //Christmas Green// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Plantae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Division: //Lycopodiophyta// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Lycopodiopsida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Lycopodiales// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Lycopodiaceae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Lycopodium// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //complanatum//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Plant 11- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Another plant in the tundra is //Ceratodon purpureus.// It is a bryophyta, which is defined as a non-flowering and non-vascular plant. It's common name is the ceratodon moss. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Name: //Ceratodon Moss// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Plantae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Division: //Bryophyta// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Bryopsida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: not assigned <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: not assigned <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Ceratodon// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //purpureus//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Plant 12- Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿The final plant that lives in the high altitudes of the alpine tundra is //Antyrium distentifolium.// Also known as alpine lady fern which is a Polypodiophyta. A polypodiophyta is defined as a vascular plant that doesn't contain seeds. Common Name: //Alpine lady fern// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Kindom: //Plantae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Division: //Polypodiophyta// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Class: //Polypodiosida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Order: //Polypodiopsida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Family: //Dryopteridia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Genus: //Antyrium// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Species: //distentifolium//

<span style="background-color: #008080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 190%;">Animals <span style="background-color: #008080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿multi-celled, digest food in body  <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Animal 1- Brooke  ﻿The first animal found in the tundra is a mollusk. Mollusks are defined as soft-bodied, organisms with a well-developed organ system, some mollusks have hard shells. The scientific name for a mollusk found in the tundra is //Physella johnsoni.// The common name is the banff springs snail. The banff springs snail live in upper hot springs that can be found in the tundra. The banff springs snail is also endangered due to the drying up of the hot springs where this rare snail lives. Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Mollusca// Class: //Gastropoda// Order: //Basommatophora// Family: //Physidae// Genus: //Physella// species: //johnsoni// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Animal 2- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿Another animal is a platyhelmithes also known as a flatworm. Flatworms are parasites, with one opening for both food and waste, a flatworm also has a simple nervous system. Its scientific name is //Kaburakia excelsa.// It is found in the alaskan tundra. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common name: giant leaf worm <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phylum: //Platyhelminthes// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Turbellaria// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Polycladida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Stylochidae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Kaburakia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">species: //excelsa//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Animal 3- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿Another animal is //Monhystera// //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">praevulvata. //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It's a nemata, which is a ribbon worm with two openings, and developed nervous systems. It lives in the shallow lakes of the alpine tundra. Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Nemata// Class: //Adenophorea// Order: //Monhysterida// Family: //Monhysteridae// Genus: //Monhystera// species: //praevulvata//

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Animal 4- Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿An invertebrate that lives in the tundra is // Mesenchytraeus solifugus, // also known as an iceworm. It cam be found, as its name suggests, on glaciers. It is from the phylum annelida, which has <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">two openings for food and waste and a circulatory system. Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Annelida// Class://Clitellata// Order: //Haplotaxida// Family: //Enchytraeidae// Genus: //Mesenchytraeus// Species: //solifugus//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Animal 5- Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿Another tundra invertebrate is the box jellyfish, scientifically refferred to as <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//Chironex fleckeri.// It can be found in the oceans near the tundra's coast. It is from the phylum cnidaria, which means that it has two layers of cells with jelly-like substance, with one opening for both food and waste. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phylum: //Cnidaria// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Cubozoa// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Chirodropida// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: // Chirodropidae // <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Chironex// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //fleckeri//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Animal 6-Jack <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The final tundra invertebrate is Xestia alpicola, or the northern dart. It can be found in the alpine tundra. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is from the phylum Arthropoda, meaning that it has two openings for food and waste, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phylum: //Arthropoda// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Insecta// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Lepidoptera// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Noctuidae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Xestia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //alpicola// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Animal 7- Jack The first tundra vertebrate is the emperor penguin, or //Aves ciconiiformes.// It lives on glaciers or icebergs, feeding off fish. it is from the class aves, meaning that it has hollow bones, scaly legs, and feathers. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿ Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Chordata// Class: //Aves// Order: //Ciconiiformes// Family: //Spheniscidae// Genus: //Aptenodytes// Species: //forsteri// <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Animal 8- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> Commonly known as the polar bear, //Ursus maritimus// lives in the tundra. Specifically the arctic tundra, on the shore or near large frozen bodies of arctic water. The polar bear is a mammal. Mammals have an advanced nervous system, a brain, lungs, and most birth live young. Mammals feed their young with milk and are endotherms. Common name: polar bear Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Chordata// Class: //Mammalia// Order: //Carnivora// Family: //Ursidae// Genus: //Ursus// species: //maritimus//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Jack- Animal 9 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿//Thymallus arcticus arcticus,// also known as the arctic grayling, can be found in the tundra seas. It is from the class actinopterygii, which means that it has fins supported by bones and an upper jaw bone that slides forward when opened. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phylum: //Chordata// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Actinopterygii// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Salmoniformes// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Salmonidae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Thymallus// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Species: //Thymallus arcticus//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Jack- Animal 10

//Lethenteron japonicum,// also known as the arctic lamprey, lives in the arctic ocean and other such bodies of cold saltwater. it is from the class c ephalaspidomorphi, which means that it is a <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">jawless fish, with a skeleton of cartilage, that hatches in fresh water, lives in salt water as adult, and swims back to fresh water to lay eggs. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Chordata// Class: // Cephalaspidomorphi // Order: // Petromyzontiformes // Family: // Petromyzontinae // Genus: //Lethenteron// Species: //Lethenteron japonicum//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Animal 11- Brooke <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿An amphibian that lives in the tundra is a //Rana arvalis//. An amphibian is an organisms that spends half of its life in water with gills and the other half on land with lungs, an amphibian has two pairs of legs, smooth skin, it lays eggs, and is an echtotherm. //Rana arvalis// has no known common name. It lives in the alpine tundra in the wet season when there are shallow lakes on the ground. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kingdom: //Animalia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phylum: //Chordata// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Class: //Amphibia// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Order: //Anura// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Family: //Ranidae// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genus: //Rana// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">species: //arvalis//

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿Animal 12- Brooke The last animal in the tundra is //Bubo scandiacus// more commonly known as the snowy owl. It is a bird which is an organism with hollow bones, enlarged lungs, scaly legs, feathers, clawed toes, that lay eggs, and are echtotherms. It can be found in the arctic tundra. Common Name: Snowy Owl Kingdom: //Animalia// Phylum: //Chordata// Class: //Aves// Order: //Strigiformes// Family: //Strigidae// Genus: //Bubo// species: //scandiacus//

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